What if I am citing the same source two or more times in a row using the Chicago Manual of Style/Turabian?
Answer
Note: This does not reflect the changes to the Chicago Manual of Style that came out in 2024 in the 18th edition.
Here's how shortened citations work in Chicago Manual of Style.
In the 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style (also known as Turabian), the first time you cite a source in the text, the corresponding note (footnote or endnote) should be a full note citation.
For example:
Full footnote/endnote citation:
1 Robert G. Wick, “‘He Was a Friend of Us Poor Men’: Ida M. Tarbell and Abraham Lincoln’s View of Democracy,” Indiana Magazine of History 114, no. 4 (December 2018): 255, https://doi.org/10.2979/indimagahist.114.4.01.
2 George Herbert, Scientists for the Ethical Treatment of Lab Animals in the United States (New York: Putnam, 2004), 303.
Any subsequent citations for that source can be shortened versions. This should include the author’s last name, a shortened version of the title (if longer than 4 words), and page numbers (or other directing information). For example:
Shortened Footnote/Endnote:
3 Wick,"Poor Men," 256.
4 Herbert, Ethical Treatment, 304.
If you immediately cite the same source again, you can omit the title. For example:
5 Herbert, 305
The page number cannot be omitted if you cite the same page again. For example:
6 Herbert, 305
If you switch back to another source you have already cited in full, you use the shortened version with the title.
For example:
7 Wick,"Poor Men," 256.
Note: Previous editions of the Chicago Manual of Style allowed for the use of Ibid. (Latin for Ibidem, "in the same place") when citing a source multiple times in a row. The use of shortened citations is now preferred over the use of Ibid.
More Resources:
Sample Chicago Manual of Style paper
OWL at Purdue-Chicago Manual of Style
How to Add Footnotes/Endnotes in Microsoft Word